Stunning, malnutrition and microelement deficiency in Vietnam. Part 2. (Literature review of research in Vietnam)
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY — MEDICINE
Abstract
The second review devoted to the analysis of malnutrition studies in Vietnam systematizes the existing ideas about the prevalence, causes and methods of correction of stunting, malnutrition, vitamin and micronutrient deficiencies and anemia over a period of almost thirty years. The analysis of the cited sources showed that in 2003–2024, the prevalence of stunting among Vietnamese children aged 5–19 years decreased from 40–60% to 14–25%. The prevalence of malnutrition over the same period among children of the same age group decreased from 11–25% to 6–9%. Anemia for 2001–2024 also decreased from an average of 20–45% to 9–20% in school-age children, 30–35% in younger children, in newborns from 84–90% to 12–20%, in women of reproductive age from 40 to 20–25%. Regardless of the observation period, up to 60% of women of reproductive age and younger children and 11–40% of schoolchildren and adult men suffer from vitamin D deficiency. The prevalence of vitamin A deficiency in 2005–2024 was 6–14% in school-age children and 15–20% in newborns and women of reproductive age. Deficiency of microelements (zinc, selenium, magnesium, calcium) is registered in 50–60% of schoolchildren. Vitamin B12deficiency has been diagnosed in 3–15% of non-pregnant women and 8–12% of school-age children. The main factors of malnutrition, stunting, micronutrient and vitamin deficiencies are: anthropometric deficiency caused by malnutrition in parents, their low level of culture and education, inadequate breastfeeding, economic reasons for refusing to eat enough meat and vegetables, especially among residents of ethnic poor rural and mountainous regions, food shortages, as well as parasitic diseases and intestinal infections. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with traditional Vietnamese ideas about the physical attractiveness of a person with white skin.
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