Analysis of morphofunctional features of the chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis
ANATOMY AND CELL BIOLOGY IN CLINICAL PRACTICE
Abstract
Introduction.Cytostatic drugs are widely used to treat cancer and autoimmune diseases. However cytostatic therapy is often accompanied by complications associated with damage to the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract.The aim— to experimentally study the damaging effect of cytostatic drugs on the oral mucosa, leading to the development of mucositis, and to evaluate the reversibility of these changes.Material and methods.The mucous membrane of the tongue was studied in 40 mature white mice (20 animals) after intraperitoneal administration of the cytostatic drug cyclophosphamide at a dose of 400 mg/kg body weight for 5 days. Animals in the control group (20 animals) were injected with an isotonic sodium chloride solution at the same intervals. The material was obtained 24 hours after the last administration of the drug, and also, in order to study the reversibility of changes, after 20 days. Histological, morphological and immunohistochemical methods were used. A morphological study determined the thickness of the spinous layer of the epithelium, as well as the number of granulocytes, agranulocytes and mast cells in the connective tissue. Immunohistochemical studies revealed Brd U (bromodeoxyuridine — a marker of proliferative activity) and the Iba1 protein (a marker of macrophages). The condition of the oral mucosa on the ventral surface of the tongue was assessed.Results.Exposure to cyclophosphamide led to the development of oral mucositis: proliferative processes in the covering epithelium were disrupted, swelling of the connective tissue component of the mucous membrane occurred, and the ratio of immunocompetent cells in the connective tissue was disrupted, i.e. the number of granulocytes, agranulocytes, macrophages and mast cells decreased. The disturbance was reversible, and most parameters returned to control values, and the number of Brd U+ cells and granulocytes exceeded control values at the end of the experiment.Conclusions.Therapy with cytostatics causes damage to the oral mucosa and the development of mucositis — a specific inflammatory process. Upon cessation of therapy, a high degree of regeneration of the oral mucosa was observed.
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