Микробиота легких при туберкулезе — практическое значение (обзор литературы): ПАТОФИЗИОЛОГИЯ — МЕДИЦИНЕ

Илья Андреевич  Баранов; Никита Владимирович  Тивирикин; Алексей Валерьевич  Деревянко; Дмитрий Павлович  Гладин; Елизавета Сергеевна  Зубарева; Надежда Сергеевна  Козлова; Марина Эдуардовна  Лозовская

doi:10.56871/RBR.2026.61.99.001

Lung microbiota in tuberculosis — practical significance(literature review)

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY — MEDICINE

Ilya A. Baranov Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9741-0230
Nikita V. Tivirikin Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University
Aleksey V. Derevyanko Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University; Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4549-089X
Dmitry P. Gladin Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4957-7110
Elizaveta S. Zubareva Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1068-1109
Nadezhda S. Kozlova North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6713-4156
Marina E. Lozovskaya Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5777-278X

Keywords:

туберкулез микробиота легких бронхоальвеолярный лаваж патобионты противотуберкулезная терапия секвенирование гена 16S рибосомальной РНК секвенирование полного генома методом дробовика метагеномное секвенирование нового поколения ингаляционные пробиотики горизонтальный перенос генов tuberculosis lung microbiota bronchoalveolar lavage pathobionts tuberculosis therapy 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing shotgun complete genome sequencing new generation metagenomic sequencing inhaled probiotics horizontal gene transfer

Abstract

Tuberculosis remains one of the leading causes of death from infectious diseases worldwide. To date, some progress has been made in the fight against this serious disease, but problems such as the multidrug resistance ofMycobacterium tuberculosisand tuberculosis/HIV coinfection are of serious concern. A significant discovery was the discovery of microbiota in the distal parts of the respiratory tract — respiratory bronchioles and alveoli, which, as it turned out, plays an important role in maintaining local immunity and protecting against pathogens. It has been established that in healthy people this locus is dominated by commensals, for examplePrevotella, whereas in tuberculosis dysbiosis develops: species diversity decreases and the number of opportunistic microorganisms (Streptococcus, Neisseria) increases. This specific microbiota profile can serve as a diagnostic and prognostic marker, helping to detect the disease at an early stage and predict the risk of developing drug resistance ofMycobacterium tuberculosis. At the same time, tuberculosis therapy restores the normal composition of the lung microbiota, but at the same time promotes the growth of antibiotic resistance among opportunistic bacteria. A promising area is the management of the lung microbiota. The development of inhaled probiotics opens up new opportunities for tuberculosis prevention and improved treatment effectiveness, especially in complex cases of multidrug resistance ofMycobacterium tuberculosis. Thus, the study of the lung microbiota marks the transition to personalized approaches in the fight against tuberculosis.

Author Biographies

Ilya A. Baranov, Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University

Postgraduate Student, Department of Microbiology, Virology and Immunology

Nikita V. Tivirikin, Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University

Graduate Student, Department of Phthisiology

Aleksey V. Derevyanko, Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University; Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University

Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Department of Socially Significant Infections and Phthisiopulmonology, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University; Assistant Professor, Department of Phthisiology, Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University

Dmitry P. Gladin, Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University

Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor,
Acting Head of the Department of Microbiology, Virology and Immunology

Elizaveta S. Zubareva, Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University

Lecturer, Department of Medical Biology

Nadezhda S. Kozlova, North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov

Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, Virology and Immunology

Marina E. Lozovskaya, Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University

Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Phthisiology

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Lung microbiota in tuberculosis — practical significance(literature review): PATHOPHYSIOLOGY — MEDICINE. (2026). Russian Biomedical Research, 11(1), 7-22. https://doi.org/10.56871/RBR.2026.61.99.001

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Lung microbiota in tuberculosis — practical significance(literature review): PATHOPHYSIOLOGY — MEDICINE. (2026). Russian Biomedical Research, 11(1), 7-22. https://doi.org/10.56871/RBR.2026.61.99.001

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