Создание продуктов на основе внеклеточных везикул из мезенхимальных стволовых клеток
ИННОВАЦИОННАЯ ФАРМАКОЛОГИЯ
Аннотация
Мезенхимальные стволовые клетки, а также продукты на их основе являются эффективным инструментом в лечении ряда заболеваний благодаря влиянию на процесс репарации тканей. В последние годы накапливается все больше данных о том, что терапевтический эффект мезенхимальных стволовых клеток реализуется не самими клетками, а их секретомом. Секретом представляет собой комбинацию везикулярной и невезикулярной фракции, которую секретируют клетки, в том числе мезенхимальные стволовые клетки. Доклинические исследования с использованием моделей заболеванийin vitroиin vivoпродемонстрировали многообещающие результаты применения малых внеклеточных везикул, выделенных из стволовых клеток, включая мезенхимальные стволовые клетки: снижение окислительного стресса, усиление пролиферации, выживаемости и дифференцировки клеток, угнетение воспаления, что способствует регенерации в очаге повреждения. Изоляция везикулярной фракции мезенхимальных стволовых клеток служит отправной точкой для производства продуктов на ее основе. Однако путь от идеи до регистрации подобных продуктов сопряжен с массой сложностей. При этом терапевтическая стратегия, позволяющая добиться эффектов клеточной терапии, не прибегая к трансплантации мезенхимальных стволовых клеток, обеспечивает ряд преимуществ. Цель данного обзора — подчеркнуть множество факторов, обусловливающих высокую вариабельность везикулярной фракции, получаемую из мезенхимальных стволовых клеток, сложности разработки бесклеточных продуктов, а также необходимость создания стандартизованных протоколов получения и оценки малых внеклеточных везикул.
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